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Conflict-of-interest (COI) editing on Wikipedia occurs when editors use Wikipedia to advance the interests of their external roles or relationships. The type of COI editing of most concern on Wikipedia is editing for public-relations (PR) and marketing purposes. Several Wikipedia policies and guidelines exist to combat conflict of interest editing, including Wikipedia:Conflict of interest. Controversies reported by the media include United States Congressional staff editing articles about members of Congress in 2006; Microsoft offering a software engineer money to edit articles on competing code standards in 2007; the PR firm Bell Pottinger editing articles about its clients in 2011; and the discovery in 2012 that British MPs or their staff had removed criticism from articles about those MPs. The media has also written about COI editing by BP, the Central Intelligence Agency, Diebold, Portland Communications, Sony, the Vatican, and several others. In 2012 Wikipedia launched one of its largest sock puppets investigations, when editors reported suspicious activity suggesting 250 accounts had been used to engage in paid editing. Wikipedia traced the edits to a firm known as Wiki-PR, and the accounts were banned. In 2015 Operation Orangemoody uncovered another paid-editing scam, in which over 380 accounts were used to extort money from businesses to create and ostensibly protect promotional articles about them. In response to the concerns about COI editing, the English Wikipedia community formed two projects, WikiProject Cooperation (inactive as of 2014) and WikiProject Integrity. Several PR professionals and Wikipedia editors formed Corporate Representatives for Ethical Wikipedia Engagement. The Public Relations Society of America sought greater editing permissions for PR professionals, while the Chartered Institute of Public Relations argued for a cautious collaborative approach. The International Association of Business Communicators shared a variety of views on the subject. == Terms of use and paid editing== Sue Gardner, executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation, wrote in October 2013, "paid editing for promotional purposes, or paid advocacy editing as we call it, is extremely problematic. We consider it a 'black hat' practice. Paid advocacy editing violates the core principles that have made Wikipedia so valuable for so many people."〔 The law firm Cooley LLP, in a cease and desist letter to Wiki-PR, states that "this practice violates the Wikimedia Foundation's terms of use, including but not limited to Section 4, which prohibits users from 'engaging in false statements, impersonation, or fraud', and '...misrepresenting your affiliation with any individual or entity, or using the username of another user with the intent to deceive'." On 16 June 2014, the Wikimedia Foundation announced on their blog that they would be requiring all paid Wikipedia editors to disclose their arrangement with whoever is paying them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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